U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
Datums Page                                                        Page  1 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 8671086                         PUBLICATION DATE:  12/19/2018
Name:       SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER                
            GA
NOAA Chart: 11512                           Latitude:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)
USGS Quad:  ISLE OF HOPE                    Longitude:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)





                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                 PRIMARY BENCH MARK STAMPING:  1086 A 1994
                         DESIGNATION:          867 1086 A

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        15748
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete                              OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)          LONGITUDE:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


The primary bench mark is a disk set flush in concrete located in a wooded area
surrounding the Life Science Building at Skidaway Institute, 25 m (82 ft) SE of
the SE corner of the Life Science Building, 17.37 m (57.0 ft) NNE of a fire
hydrant in front on the cold lab freezer, and 0.58 m (1.9 ft) west of a manhole
cover located in the center of the wooded area.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  1086 B 1994
                         DESIGNATION:          867 1086 B

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        15749
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete                              OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)          LONGITUDE:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


The bench mark is a disk set flush in concrete located in at the corner of the
Skidaway Institute Carpenter's shop, 60.66 m (199.0 ft) SSE of a fire hydrant
located SW of white "Roebling House", 40.84 m (134.0 ft) NE of the corner of the
Power House Building at the NE base of the water tower, and 0.91 m (3.0 ft) out
from the front left corner of the carpenter shop.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  2 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 8671086                         PUBLICATION DATE:  12/19/2018
Name:       SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER                
            GA
NOAA Chart: 11512                           Latitude:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)
USGS Quad:  ISLE OF HOPE                    Longitude:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  1086 C 1994
                         DESIGNATION:          867 1086 C

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        15750
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Concrete                              OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)          LONGITUDE:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


The bench mark is a disk set flush in concrete located in the ESE corner of the
concrete slab holding generator # 1 at the rear (ESE) corner of the
Administration Building, 56.85 m (186.5 ft) south of the center of the left
doorway on the SE side of the Hazardous Chemical Shed, and 30.48 m (100.0 ft) NW
of the western leg of the water tower.



                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  RM 2 1983
                         DESIGNATION:          867 1086 RM 2

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        15751
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID:         
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Unspecified deep rod                  OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)          LONGITUDE:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


The bench mark is a disk located in the field behind the Administration Building
at Skidaway Institute, 43.59 m (143.0 ft) west of telephone pole #58, 41.73 m
(136.9 ft) SW of the SW corner of the Administration Building, and 5.61 m (18.4
ft) east of the centerline of Ocean Science Circle Road.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  3 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 8671086                         PUBLICATION DATE:  12/19/2018
Name:       SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER                
            GA
NOAA Chart: 11512                           Latitude:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)
USGS Quad:  ISLE OF HOPE                    Longitude:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


                         T I D A L   B E N C H   M A R K S


                         BENCH MARK STAMPING:  BV Oceanography 1983
                         DESIGNATION:          867 1086 BV

MONUMENTATION:           Bench Mark disk                       VM#:        15752
AGENCY:                  National Ocean Service (NOS)          IDB PID#:  BR1838
SETTING CLASSIFICATION:  Unspecified deep rod                  OPUS PID:        
LATITUDE:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)          LONGITUDE:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


The bench mark is a disk located in the field behind the Administration Building
at Skidaway Institute, 45.23 m (148.4 ft) south of a SE&P power pole #58, 25.60
m (84.0 ft) NE of the centerline of Ocean Science Circle Road, and 1.58 m (5.2
ft) south of a GA Department of Transportation witness post.

                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  4 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 8671086                         PUBLICATION DATE:  12/19/2018
Name:       SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER                
            GA
NOAA Chart: 11512                           Latitude:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)
USGS Quad:  ISLE OF HOPE                    Longitude:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


                            T I D A L   D A T U M S 


Tidal datums at SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER based on:

     LENGTH OF SERIES:      30 DAYS
     TIME PERIOD:           Oct  7 1994 - Nov  5 1994
     TIDAL EPOCH:           1983-2001
     CONTROL TIDE STATION:  8670870 FORT PULASKI, SAVANNAH RIVER


Elevations of tidal datums referred to Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW), in METERS:

     MEAN HIGHER HIGH WATER                     MHHW   =  2.552
     MEAN HIGH WATER                            MHW    =  2.430
     MEAN SEA LEVEL                             MSL    =  1.301
     MEAN TIDE LEVEL                            MTL    =  1.253
     MEAN LOW WATER                             MLW    =  0.075
     MEAN LOWER LOW WATER                       MLLW   =  0.000

North American Vertical Datum (NAVD88)

Bench Mark Elevation Information                In METERS above:

     Stamping or Designation                    MLLW        MHW

     1086 A 1994                                 3.322    0.891
     1086 B 1994                                 3.477    1.046
     1086 C 1994                                 4.506    2.076
     RM 2 1983                                   4.222    1.791
     BV Oceanography 1983                        3.899    1.468


                          U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                            National Ocean Service
                                                                   Page  5 of  5

                                                                                
Station ID: 8671086                         PUBLICATION DATE:  12/19/2018
Name:       SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE, SKIDAWAY RIVER                
            GA
NOAA Chart: 11512                           Latitude:   31° 59.4' N (  31.99000)
USGS Quad:  ISLE OF HOPE                    Longitude:  81°  1.4' W ( -81.02330)


                             D E F I N I T I O N S


Mean Sea Level (MSL) is a tidal datum determined over a 19-year National Tidal
Datum Epoch.  It pertains to local mean sea level and should not be confused
with the fixed datums of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).

NAVD88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum
constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
Local mean sea level observed at Father Point/Rimouski, Canada was held fixed as
the single initial constraint.  NAVD88 replaces NGVD29 as the national
standard geodetic reference for heights.  Bench mark elevations relative to
NAVD88 are available from NGS through the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NGVD29 is a fixed datum adopted as a national standard geodetic reference for
heights but is now considered superseded.  NGVD29 is sometimes referred to as
Sea Level Datum of 1929 or as Mean Sea Level on some early issues of Geological
Survey Topographic Quads.  NGVD29 was originally derived from a general
adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the U.S. and Canada after
holding mean sea level observed at 26 long term tide stations as fixed.
Numerous local and wide-spread adjustments have been made since establishment in
1929.  Bench mark elevations relative to NGVD29 are available from the National
Geodetic Survey (NGS) data base via the World Wide Web at 
National Geodetic Survey.

NAVD88 and NGVD29 are fixed geodetic datums whose elevation relationships to
local MSL and other tidal datums may not be consistent from one location to
another.

The Vertical Mark Number (VM#) and PID# shown on the bench mark sheet are unique
identifiers for bench marks in the tidal and geodetic databases, respectively.
Each bench mark in either database has a single, unique VM# and/or PID# assigned.
Where both VM# and PID# are indicated, both tidal and geodetic elevations are
available for the bench mark listed. The NGS's Integrated Data Base (IDB PID)
provides geodetic datum based on traditionally leveled and bluebooked ties to
the National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/datasheets/.
The NGS Online Positioning User Service (OPUS PID) provides geodetic datum based
on GPS position & tie it to the NSRS https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/.

The NAVD88 elevation is shown on the Elevations of Tidal Datums Table Referred
to MLLW only when two or more of the bench marks listed have NAVD88 elevations.
The NAVD88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average
of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.  As a result of
this averaging, NAVD88 bench mark elevations computed indirectly from the tidal
datums elevation table may differ slightly from NAVD88 elevations listed for
each bench mark in the NGS database.